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It seems that ‘ix86’ Linux accepts non-PIC code in shared libraries, but this is not necessarily so on other platforms, in particular on 64-bit CPUs such as ‘x86_64’. Searching the ‘R-help’ archives will normally reveal what is needed.

When R has been installed from a binary distribution there are sometimes problems with missing components such as the FORTRAN compiler. They might be under the X11 fonts directory or elsewhere, for example,Īdditional capabilities: PNG, JPEG, TIFF, NLS, cairo, ICU These are generally not part of the default install, and the X server may need to be configured to use them. Another is Type 1 fonts: the URW set of Type 1 fonts provides standard typefaces such as Helvetica with a larger coverage of Unicode glyphs than the standard X11 bitmaps, including Cyrillic. One source is TrueType/OpenType fonts, and these can provide high coverage. On some systems scalable fonts are available covering a wide range of glyphs. This may mean that, for example, Japanese text can be displayed when running in ‘ja_JP.UTF-8’ but not when running in ‘en_GB.UTF-8’ on the same machine (although on some systems many UTF-8 X11 locales are aliased to ‘en_US.UTF-8’ which covers several character sets, e.g. ISO 8859-1 (Western European), JISX0208 (Kanji), KSC5601 (Korean), GB2312 (Chinese Han) and JISX0201 (Kana)). If not, you may have to get hold of a suitable locale entry for X11. If the locale you are using has an entry in the ‘XLC_LOCALE’ directory (typically /usr/share/X11/locale), it is likely that all you need to do is to pick a suitable font specification that has fonts in the encodings specified there. In such locales fontsets are used, made up of fonts encoded in other encodings. There are few fonts in ‘iso10646-1’, the Unicode encoding, and they only contain a subset of the available glyphs (and are often fixed-width designed for use in terminals). Multi-byte encodings (most commonly UTF-8) are even more complicated.

If you find none, it is likely that you need to install further font packages, such as ‘xorg-x11-fonts-ISOdpi’ and ‘xorg-x11-fonts-cyrillic’ shown in the listing above.

If you are using a single-byte encoding, for example ISO 8859-2 in Eastern Europe or KOI8-R in Russian, use xlsfonts to find an appropriate family of fonts in your encoding (the last field in the listing).

The names and details differ by system, but will likely have something like Fedora’s If you find that X11() is reporting 63 missing font sizes, especially larger ones, it is likely that you are not using scalable fonts and have not installed the 100dpi versions of the X11 fonts. When X11 was designed, most displays were around 75dpi, whereas today they are of the order of 100dpi or more. This is done on the server, and although there can be selection issues, they are more amenable than the issues with ‘X11()’ discussed in the rest of this section. The ‘modern’ version of the ‘X11()’ device is based on ‘cairo’ graphics and (in most implementations) uses ‘fontconfig’ to pick and render fonts. As its name implies, it displays on a (local or remote) X server, and relies on the services provided by the X server. The ‘X11()’ graphics device is the one started automatically on Unix-alikes when plotting.

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